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Saturday, October 14, 2023

Cauchy integral formula and dual basis

Cauchy Integral Theorem is a well-known theorem in complex analysis.

i.e.

(1)n!2πi∮γf(z)(z−a)n+1=f(n)(a)

It remind me that when I proved Taylor series, I used the fact that

(2)1i!didxiXj=δij

i.e. Using the fact that Xj form a basis of R[[X]], then 1i!didxi as the dual basis of them will give the coordinate.

Similarly, we have

(3)∮γzn={0,n≠−12πi,n=−1

Thus

(4)12πi∮γ(z−a)i(z−a)j+1dz=δij

Therefore

(5)12πi∮γf(z)(z−a)j+1dz=f(n)(a)n!

 

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